Economy of UK

The UK economy is emerging slowly from recession, but growth is moderate and unemployment is high. In addition, the UK is facing inflation above the government’s target of 2%. Also, the government have taken several steps to reduce the burden of government borrowing; these spending cuts and tax rises are likely to keep the economic recovery at a modest pace.

Economic Growth

Source: ONS

GDP (QoQ)				10Q3	0.8 %
Service sector output				3m to Sep	2.1 %
Industrial production				3m to Oct	3.8 %
Manufacturing output				3m to Oct	5.6%
Households’ consumption				10Q3	1.7%
Retail sales volumes				Oct	-0.1%
Whole economy investment				10Q3	2.8%
Goods exports (volumes)				3m to Oct	12.0
Goods imports (volumes)				3m to Oct	11.6
Current account balance, £bn				10Q2	-7.4
Business Investment (Provisional)				10Q2	1.9%

Unemployment

Source: ONS

Labour market & earnings
Unemployment, mn				3m to Oct	2.50
Unemployment rate, %				3m to Oct	7.9
Claimant unemployment, mn				Nov	1.47
Claimant rate, %				Nov	4.5
LFS total in employment, mn				3m to Oct	29.1
LFS employment rate, %				3m to Oct	70.6
Workforce jobs, mn				Sep	30.7
Headline average earnings %4				3m to Oct	2.3

.

Inflation

Source: ONS

Inflation & prices
CPI				Nov	3.3
RPI				Nov	4.7
RPIX				Nov	4.7
Producer output prices (nsa)				Nov	3.9
Producer input prices (nsa)				Nov	9.0
Halifax house prices				Nov	-0.7
Nationwide house prices				Nov	0.4

Government Borrowing

• More on UK Public Sector Debt
• UK Debt increased rapidly after 2007 because of the recession, falling tax receipts and financial bailout for banks.
• The government have taken several steps to try and reduce the level of government borrowing such as tax increases and spending cuts. However, the stabilisation of public sector debt to GDP depends on continued economic growth.
• Gross Public Sector Debt includes temporary financial sector intervention
• Public Sector debt excludes financial sector intervention.

Sources:

• Data Forecasts HM Treasury
• Current Interest rates at Bank of England

Related

• UK Economy 2010
• Latest Essays on UK economy

Economy Of China

Economy - overview:

China's economy since the 1970s has changed from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major role in the global economy - in 2010 China became the world's largest exporter. Reforms began with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, creation of a diversified banking system, development of stock markets, rapid growth of the private sector, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China generally has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors it considers important to "economic security," explicitly looking to foster globally competitive national champions. After keeping its currency tightly linked to the US dollar for years, in July 2005 China revalued its currency by 2.1% against the US dollar and moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid 2005 to late 2008 cumulative appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar was more than 20%, but the exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial crisis until June 2010, when Beijing allowed resumption of a gradual appreciation. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2010 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still lower middle-income. The dollar values of China's agricultural and industrial output each exceeded those of the US, although China was second to the US in the value of services it produced. The Chinese government faces numerous economic development challenges, including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic demand; (b) sustaining adequate job growth for tens of millions of migrants and new entrants to the work force; (c) reducing corruption and other economic crimes; and (d) containing environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. Economic development has progressed further in coastal provinces than in the interior, and approximately 200 million rural laborers and their dependents have relocated to urban areas to find work. One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the north - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. The Chinese government is seeking to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, focusing on nuclear and alternative energy development. In 2009, the global economic downturn reduced foreign demand for Chinese exports for the first time in many years, but China rebounded quickly, outperforming all other major economies in 2010 with GDP growth around 10%. The economy appears set to remain on a strong growth trajectory in 2011, lending credibility to the stimulus policies the regime rolled out during the global financial crisis. The government vows to continue reforming the economy and emphasizes the need to increase domestic consumption in order to make the economy less dependent on exports for GDP growth in the future, but China likely will make only marginal progress toward these rebalancing goals in 2011. Two economic problems China currently faces are inflation - which, late in 2010, surpassed the government's target of 3% - and local government debt, which swelled as a result of stimulus policies, and is largely off-the-books and potentially low-quality.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$9.854 trillion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3

$8.95 trillion (2009 est.)

$8.204 trillion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP (purchasing power parity) country ranks ] GDP (official exchange rate):
$5.745 trillion (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
GDP - real growth rate:
10.1% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5

9.1% (2009 est.)

9% (2008 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ] GDP - per capita:
$7,400 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128

$6,800 (2009 est.)

$6,200 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ] GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 9.6%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 46.8%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks ]
services: 43.6% (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks ]
Labor force:
819.5 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 39.5%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 27.2%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 33.2% (2008 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]
Unemployment rate:
4.3% (September 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40

4.2% (December 2008 est.)
note: official data for urban areas only; including migrants may boost total unemployment to 9%; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ] Population below poverty line:
2.8%
note: 21.5 million rural population live below the official "absolute poverty" line (approximately $90 per year); an additional 35.5 million rural population live above that level but below the official "low income" line (approximately $125 per year) (2007)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.5%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 15%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]
note: data are for urban households only (2008)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
41.5 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 54

40 (2001)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ] Investment (gross fixed):
47.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
[see also: Investment (gross fixed) country ranks ]
Budget:
revenues: $1.149 trillion
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $1.27 trillion (2009 est.)
[see also: Budget - expenditures country ranks ]
Public debt:
17.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112

16.9% of GDP (2009 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ] Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144

-0.7% (2009 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ] Central bank discount rate:
2.79% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 129

2.79% (31 December 2008)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ] Commercial bank prime lending rate:
5.31% (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148

5.31% (31 December 2008 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ] Stock of narrow money:
$3.838 trillion (31 December 2010 est)

$3.242 trillion (31 December 2009 est)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ] Stock of broad money:
$10.08 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)

$8.933 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ] Stock of domestic credit:
$8.156 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4

$7.24 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ] Market value of publicly traded shares:
$5.008 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4

$2.794 trillion (31 December 2008)

$6.226 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ] Agriculture - products:
rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish
Industries:
mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites
Industrial production growth rate:
11% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
Electricity - production:
3.451 trillion kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
[see also: Electricity - production country ranks ]
Electricity - consumption:
3.438 trillion kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
[see also: Electricity - consumption country ranks ]
Electricity - exports:
16.64 billion kWh (2008)
[see also: Electricity - exports country ranks ]
Electricity - imports:
3.842 billion kWh (2008)
[see also: Electricity - imports country ranks ]
Oil - production:
3.991 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
[see also: Oil - production country ranks ]
Oil - consumption:
8.2 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
[see also: Oil - consumption country ranks ]
Oil - exports:
388,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
[see also: Oil - exports country ranks ]
Oil - imports:
4.393 million bbl/day (2008)
country comparison to the world: 4
[see also: Oil - imports country ranks ]
Oil - proved reserves:
20.35 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Oil - proved reserves country ranks ]
Natural gas - production:
82.94 billion cu m (2009)
country comparison to the world: 8
[see also: Natural gas - production country ranks ]
Natural gas - consumption:
87.08 billion cu m (2009)
country comparison to the world: 9
[see also: Natural gas - consumption country ranks ]
Natural gas - exports:
3.32 billion cu m (2009)
country comparison to the world: 31
[see also: Natural gas - exports country ranks ]
Natural gas - imports:
7.462 billion cu m (2009)
country comparison to the world: 27
[see also: Natural gas - imports country ranks ]
Natural gas - proved reserves:
3.03 trillion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks ]
Current account balance:
$272.5 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1

$297.1 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ] Exports:
$1.506 trillion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2

$1.204 trillion (2009 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ] Exports - commodities:
electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medical equipment
Exports - partners:
US 20.03%, Hong Kong 12.03%, Japan 8.32%, South Korea 4.55%, Germany 4.27% (2009)
Imports:
$1.307 trillion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3

$954.3 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ] Imports - commodities:
electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics, organic chemicals
Imports - partners:
Japan 12.27%, Hong Kong 10.06%, South Korea 9.04%, US 7.66%, Taiwan 6.84%, Germany 5.54% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$2.622 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1

$2.426 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ] Debt - external:
$406.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22

$349.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ] Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$574.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9

$473.1 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ] Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$278.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15

$229.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ] Exchange rates:
Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar - 6.7852 (2010), 6.8314 (2009), 6.9385 (2008), 7.61 (2007), 7.97 (2006)

Economy Of Sri lanka

Economy - overview:

Sri Lanka is engaging in large-scale reconstruction and development projects following the end of the 26-year conflict with the LTTE, including increasing electricity access and rebuilding its road and rail network. Additionally, Sri Lanka seeks to reduce poverty by using a combination of state directed policies and private investment promotion to spur growth in disadvantaged areas, develop small and medium enterprises, and promote increased agriculture, High levels of government funding may be difficult, as the government already is faced with high debt interest payments, a bloated civil service, and historically high budget deficits. The 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession exposed Sri Lanka's economic vulnerabilities and nearly caused a balance of payments crisis, which was alleviated by a $2.6 billion IMF standby agreement in July 2009. The end of the civil war and the IMF loan, however, have largely restored investors' confidence, reflected in part by the Sri Lankan stock market's recognition as one of the best performing markets in the world. Sri Lankan growth rates averaged nearly 5% in during the war, but increased government spending on development and fighting the LTTE in the final years spurred GDP growth to around 6-7% per year in 2006-08. After experiencing 3.5% growth in 2009, Sri Lanka's economy is poised to achieve high growth rates in the postwar period.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$104.7 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69

$97.91 billion (2009 est.)

$94.6 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP (purchasing power parity) country ranks ] GDP (official exchange rate):
$48.24 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
GDP - real growth rate:
6.9% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25

3.5% (2009 est.)

6% (2008 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ] GDP - per capita:
$4,900 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149

$4,600 (2009 est.)

$4,500 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ] GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 12.6%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 29.8%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks ]
services: 57.6% (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks ]
Labor force:
8.1 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 32.7%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 26.3%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 41% (December 2008 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]
Unemployment rate:
5.4% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51

5.9% (2009 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ] Population below poverty line:
23% (2008 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.1%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 39.7% (2004)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
49 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 27

46 (1995)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ] Investment (gross fixed):
23.6% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
[see also: Investment (gross fixed) country ranks ]
Budget:
revenues: $7.415 billion
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $11.18 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Budget - expenditures country ranks ]
Public debt:
86.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13

85.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ] Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5.6% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154

3% (2009 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ] Central bank discount rate:
7.25% (December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 55

7.5% (31 December 2009)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ] Commercial bank prime lending rate:
10.37% (December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 41

15.89% (31 December 2008)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ] Stock of narrow money:
$4.4 billion (31 December 2010 est)

$3.628 billion (31 December 2009 est)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ] Stock of broad money:
$19.72 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$16.41 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ] Stock of domestic credit:
$18.34 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82

$16.64 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ] Market value of publicly traded shares:
$11.5 billion (December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 71

$8.133 billion (31 December 2009)

$4.326 billion (31 December 2008)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ] Agriculture - products:
rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, vegetables, fruit, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef; fish
Industries:
processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; tourism, shipping; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining, information technology services, construction
Industrial production growth rate:
6.9% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
Electricity - production:
9.882 billion kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
[see also: Electricity - production country ranks ]
Electricity - consumption:
8.417 billion kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
[see also: Electricity - consumption country ranks ]
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
[see also: Electricity - exports country ranks ]
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
[see also: Electricity - imports country ranks ]
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
[see also: Oil - production country ranks ]
Oil - consumption:
90,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
[see also: Oil - consumption country ranks ]
Oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
[see also: Oil - exports country ranks ]
Oil - imports:
90,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
[see also: Oil - imports country ranks ]
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
[see also: Oil - proved reserves country ranks ]
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
[see also: Natural gas - production country ranks ]
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 176
[see also: Natural gas - consumption country ranks ]
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
[see also: Natural gas - exports country ranks ]
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
[see also: Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks ]
Current account balance:
-$1.784 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154

-$291 million (2009 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ] Exports:
$7.908 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92

$7.085 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ] Exports - commodities:
textiles and apparel, tea and spices; rubber manufactures; precious stones; coconut products, fish
Exports - partners:
US 20.59%, UK 12.87%, Italy 5.51%, Germany 5.29%, India 4.54%, Belgium 4.43% (2009)
Imports:
$11.6 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86

$9.186 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ] Imports - commodities:
petroleum, textiles, machinery and transportation equipment, building materials, mineral products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
India 20.73%, China 13.45%, Singapore 7.26%, Iran 6.7%, South Korea 5.23% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$5.63 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66

$5.358 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ] Debt - external:
$17.97 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76

$17.44 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ] Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$NA
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$NA
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
Exchange rates:
Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar - 113.36 (2010), 114.95 (2009), 108.33 (2008), 110.78 (2007), 103.99 (2006)

Economy Of India

Economy - overview:

India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and has served to accelerate the country's growth, which has averaged more than 7% per year since 1997. India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India's output, with only one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services and software workers. In 2010, the Indian economy rebounded robustly from the global financial crisis - in large part because of strong domestic demand - and growth exceeded 8% year-on-year in real terms. Merchandise exports, which account for about 15% of GDP, returned to pre-financial crisis levels. An industrial expansion and high food prices, resulting from the combined effects of the weak 2009 monsoon and inefficiencies in the government's food distribution system, fueled inflation which peaked at about 11% in the first half fo 2010, but has gradually decreased to single digits following a series of central bank interest rate hikes. New Delhi in 2010 reduced subsidies in fuel and fertilizers, sold a small percentage of its shares in some state-owned enterprises and auctioned off rights to radio bandwidth for 3G telecommunications in part to lower the government's deficit. The Indian Government seeks to reduce its deficit to 5.5% of GDP in FY 2010-11, down from 6.8% in the previous fiscal year. India's long term challenges include widespread poverty, inadequate physical and social infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, insufficient access to quality basic and higher education, and accommodiating rual-to-urban migration.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$4.046 trillion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5

$3.736 trillion (2009 est.)

$3.478 trillion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP (purchasing power parity) country ranks ] GDP (official exchange rate):
$1.43 trillion (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
GDP - real growth rate:
8.3% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7

7.4% (2009 est.)

7.4% (2008 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ] GDP - per capita:
$3,400 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164

$3,200 (2009 est.)

$3,000 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ] GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 16.1%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 28.6%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks ]
services: 55.3% (2009)
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks ]
Labor force:
478.3 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 52%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 14%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 34% (2009 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]
Unemployment rate:
10.8% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118

10.7% (2009 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ] Population below poverty line:
25% (2007 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.6%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 31.1% (2005)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
36.8 (2004)
country comparison to the world: 79

37.8 (1997)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ] Investment (gross fixed):
32% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Investment (gross fixed) country ranks ]
Budget:
revenues: $170.7 billion
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $257.4 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Budget - expenditures country ranks ]
Public debt:
55.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42

57.3% of GDP (2009 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ] Inflation rate (consumer prices):
11.7% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205

10.9% (2009 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ] Central bank discount rate:
6% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 74

6% (31 December 2008)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ] Commercial bank prime lending rate:
12.19% (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59

13.31% (31 December 2008 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ] Stock of narrow money:
$328.4 billion (31 December 2010 est)

$268.4 billion (31 December 2009 est)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ] Stock of broad money:
$1.29 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)

$1.04 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ] Stock of domestic credit:
$1.164 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14

$938.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ] Market value of publicly traded shares:
$1.179 trillion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 14

$645.5 billion (31 December 2008)

$1.819 trillion (31 December 2007)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ] Agriculture - products:
rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, lentils, onions, potatoes; dairy products, sheep, goats, poultry; fish
Industries:
textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals
Industrial production growth rate:
9.7% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
Electricity - production:
723.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
[see also: Electricity - production country ranks ]
Electricity - consumption:
568 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
[see also: Electricity - consumption country ranks ]
Electricity - exports:
810 million kWh (2009 est.)
[see also: Electricity - exports country ranks ]
Electricity - imports:
5.27 billion kWh (2009 est.)
[see also: Electricity - imports country ranks ]
Oil - production:
878,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
[see also: Oil - production country ranks ]
Oil - consumption:
2.98 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
[see also: Oil - consumption country ranks ]
Oil - exports:
738,600 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
[see also: Oil - exports country ranks ]
Oil - imports:
2.9 million bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
[see also: Oil - imports country ranks ]
Oil - proved reserves:
5.8 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
[see also: Oil - proved reserves country ranks ]
Natural gas - production:
38.65 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
[see also: Natural gas - production country ranks ]
Natural gas - consumption:
51.27 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
[see also: Natural gas - consumption country ranks ]
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
[see also: Natural gas - exports country ranks ]
Natural gas - imports:
12.62 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
[see also: Natural gas - imports country ranks ]
Natural gas - proved reserves:
1.075 trillion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
[see also: Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks ]
Current account balance:
-$26.91 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181

-$26.63 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ] Exports:
$201 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22

$168.2 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ] Exports - commodities:
petroleum products, precious stones, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, vehicles, apparel
Exports - partners:
UAE 12.87%, US 12.59%, China 5.59% (2009)
Imports:
$327 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13

$274.3 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ] Imports - commodities:
crude oil, precious stones, machinery, fertilizer, iron and steel, chemicals
Imports - partners:
China 10.94%, US 7.16%, Saudi Arabia 5.36%, UAE 5.18%, Australia 5.02%, Germany 4.86%, Singapore 4.02% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$284.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6

$274.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ] Debt - external:
$237.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28

$221.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ] Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$191.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23

$157.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ] Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$89.04 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26

$76.62 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ] Exchange rates:
Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - 46.163 (2010), 48.405 (2009), 43.319 (2008), 41.487 (2007), 45.3 (2006)

Economy Of Bangladesh

Economy - overview:
The economy has grown 5-6% per year since 1996 despite political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, 45% of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. Bangladesh's growth was resilient during the 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession. Garment exports, totaling $12.3 billion in FY09 and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis totaling $9.7 billion in FY09 accounted for almost 25% of GDP.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$259.3 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47

$244.6 billion (2009 est.)

$231.4 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP (purchasing power parity) country ranks ] GDP (official exchange rate):
$105.4 billion (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
GDP - real growth rate:
6% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36

5.7% (2009 est.)

6% (2008 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ] GDP - per capita:
$1,700 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 197

$1,600 (2009 est.)

$1,500 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ] GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 18.4%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 28.7%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks ]
services: 52.9% (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks ]
Labor force:
73.87 million
country comparison to the world: 8
note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $10.9 billion in 2009-10 (2009 est.)
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 45%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 30%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 25% (2008)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]
Unemployment rate:
5.1% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47

5.1% (2009 est.)
note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many participants in the labor force work only a few hours a week, at low wages
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ] Population below poverty line:
36.3% (2008 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 8.8%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 26.6% (2008 est.)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
33.2 (2005)
country comparison to the world: 94

33.6 (1996)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ] Investment (gross fixed):
23.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
[see also: Investment (gross fixed) country ranks ]
Budget:
revenues: $11.43 billion
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $15.9 billion (2010 est.)
[see also: Budget - expenditures country ranks ]
Public debt:
39.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74

39.7% of GDP (2009 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ] Inflation rate (consumer prices):
8.1% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188

5.4% (2009 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ] Central bank discount rate:
5% (31 October 2010)
country comparison to the world: 86

5% (31 December 2008)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ] Commercial bank prime lending rate:
14.6% (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38

16.38% (31 December 2008 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ] Stock of narrow money:
$13.98 billion (31 December 2010 est)

$10.92 billion (31 December 2009 est)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ] Stock of broad money:
$57.21 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$63.03 billion (31 December 2009)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ] Stock of domestic credit:
$62.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60

$53.77 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ] Market value of publicly traded shares:
$7.068 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 75

$6.671 billion (31 December 2008)

$6.793 billion (31 December 2007)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ] Agriculture - products:
rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry
Industries:
cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar
Industrial production growth rate:
6.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
Electricity - production:
25.62 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
[see also: Electricity - production country ranks ]
Electricity - consumption:
23.94 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
[see also: Electricity - consumption country ranks ]
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
[see also: Electricity - exports country ranks ]
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
[see also: Electricity - imports country ranks ]
Oil - production:
5,733 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
[see also: Oil - production country ranks ]
Oil - consumption:
96,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
[see also: Oil - consumption country ranks ]
Oil - exports:
2,612 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
[see also: Oil - exports country ranks ]
Oil - imports:
87,660 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
[see also: Oil - imports country ranks ]
Oil - proved reserves:
28 million bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
[see also: Oil - proved reserves country ranks ]
Natural gas - production:
19.7 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
[see also: Natural gas - production country ranks ]
Natural gas - consumption:
19.7 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
[see also: Natural gas - consumption country ranks ]
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
[see also: Natural gas - exports country ranks ]
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
[see also: Natural gas - imports country ranks ]
Natural gas - proved reserves:
195.4 billion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
[see also: Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks ]
Current account balance:
$3.734 billion (2010)
country comparison to the world: 34

$2.416 billion (2009)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ] Exports:
$16.24 billion (2010)
country comparison to the world: 73

$15.58 billion (2009)
[see also: Exports country ranks ] Exports - commodities:
garments, frozen fish and seafood, jute and jute goods, leather
Exports - partners:
US 22.5%, Germany 14.2%, UK 9.6%, France 7%, Netherlands 6.4% (2009)
Imports:
$21.34 billion (2010)
country comparison to the world: 68

$20.3 billion (2009)
[see also: Imports country ranks ] Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement
Imports - partners:
China 16.16%, India 12.61%, Singapore 7.55%, Japan 4.63%, Malaysia 4.46% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$10.79 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53

$10.34 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ] Debt - external:
$24.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69

$24.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ] Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$6.72 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83

$5.617 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ] Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$82 million (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80

$81 million (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ] Exchange rates:
taka (BDT) per US dollar - 70.59 (2010), 69.039 (2009), 68.554 (2008), 69.893 (2007), 69.031 (2006