Economy Of Ireland

Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. Ireland was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity has dropped sharply since the onset of the world financial crisis, with GDP falling by over 3% in 2008, nearly 8% in 2009, and 1% in 2010. Ireland entered into a recession in 2008 for the first time in more than a decade, with the subsequent collapse of its domestic property and construction markets. Property prices rose more rapidly in Ireland in the decade up to 2007 than in any other developed economy. Since their 2007 peak, average house prices have fallen 50%. In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become a key component of Ireland's economy. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry and services. In 2008 the COWEN government moved to guarantee all bank deposits, recapitalize the banking system, and establish partly-public venture capital funds in response to the country's economic downturn. In 2009, in continued efforts to stabilize the banking sector, the Irish Government established the National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) to acquire problem commercial property and development loans from Irish banks. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. In addition to across-the-board cuts in spending, the 2009 budget included wage reductions for all public servants. These measures were not sufficient. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP - because of additional government support for the banking sector. In late 2010, the COWEN Government agreed to a $112 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin further increase the capitalization of its banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. The government also initiated a four-year austerity plan to cut an additional $20 billion from its budget. A return to modest growth is expected in 2011.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$172.3 billion (2010 est.)
$174.2 billion (2009 est.)
$188.4 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate)

$204.3 billion (2010 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

-1% (2010 est.)
-7.6% (2009 est.)
-3.5% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$37,300 (2010 est.)
$38,000 (2009 est.)
$41,700 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 2%
industry: 29%
services: 70% (2009 est.)

Population below poverty line

5.5% (2009 est.)

Labor force

2.14 million (2010 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 5%
industry: 20%
services: 76% (2010 est.)

Unemployment rate

13.6% (2010 est.)
12.4% (2009)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 27.2% (2000)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

29.3 (2009)
35.9 (1987)

Investment (gross fixed)

11.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Budget

revenues: $70.66 billion
expenditures: $136.8 billion (2010 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

34.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-32.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Public debt

96.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
65.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-0.9% (2010 est.)
-4.5% (2009 est.)

Central bank discount rate

1.75% (31 December 2010)
1.75% (31 December 2009)
note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate

2.1% (31 December 2010 est.)
2.5% (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of money

$NA
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money and quasi money circulating within their own borders

Stock of narrow money

$133.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$145 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Stock of broad money

$248.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$283.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of quasi money

$NA

Stock of domestic credit

$745.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
$738.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$63.1 billion (31 December 2010)
$61.7 billion (31 December 2009)
$49.4 billion (31 December 2008)

Agriculture - products

beef, dairy products, barley, potatoes, wheat

Industries

pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices

Industrial production growth rate

7.5% (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

27.28 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 95.9%
hydro: 2.3%
nuclear: 0%
other: 1.7% (2001)

Electricity - consumption

26.99 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports

290 million kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

756 million kWh (2010 est.)

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - consumption

160,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - exports

19,270 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports

181,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2010)

Natural gas - production

392 million cu m (2009)

Natural gas - consumption

4.999 billion cu m (2009)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2009)

Natural gas - imports

4.628 billion cu m (2009)

Natural gas - proved reserves

9.911 billion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)

Current Account Balance

-$1.477 billion (2010 est.)
-$6.762 billion (2009 est.)

Exports

$111.3 billion (2010 est.)
$107.3 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; live animals, animal products

Exports - partners

US 21%, Belgium 17%, UK 16.1%, Germany 7%, France 5.4% (2009)

Imports

$61.98 billion (2010 est.)
$62.22 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing

Imports - partners

UK 35.4%, US 16.8%, Germany 6.8%, Netherlands 5.9%, France 4.8% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.115 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.154 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external

$2.253 trillion (30 September 2010)
$2.087 trillion (31 December 2009)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$228 billion (31 September 2010 est.)
$236.2 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$286.2 billion (31 September 2010)
$264.6 billion (31 December 2009)

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.755 (2010)
0.7198 (2009)
0.6827 (2008)
0.7345 (2007)
0.7964 (2006)